Apar GuptaThe DOT circulars for mobile user re-verification through Aadhaar have no force of law
Shortly after the Supreme Court declared privacy to be a fundamental right most cellphone users received a message from their telecom operators which seemed to negate it. The message threatened disconnection of cellphone connections in the instance a user failed to link their Aadhaar. Like a nagging relative, these messages and calls have only increased in frequency, almost as a weekly event. The minutiae of this re-verification require a user to visit a telecom service centre, undergo biometric authentication by putting their fingerprints on an authentication device, and hope that the details in the Aadhaar database match with their cellular connection.
This re-verification exercise has lead to anxiety, irritation and even anger for a large number of people. These include people who still may not have enrolled for Aadhaar, some unwilling to link it due to privacy concerns, another set whose biometrics are rejected or details do not match and much more who are now tired of standing in lines to link their Aadhaar to another essential service. To their chagrin, the Government has stated that the raison d’etre is a direction by the Supreme Court. Such justification is at best suspect and at worst damages the institutional credibility of the Court.
A fictional Supreme Court “direction”
The Central Government is the custodian of the airwaves and having the power to issue licenses has permitted private companies to provide mobile voice and data services. Telecom operators are governed by regulations including those for subscriber verification by the Department of Telecommunications (DOT). Pre-existing norms specified that cellular users were not only required to furnish a valid government identification for availing mobile services but also required some form of additional verification. However, by a series of circulars issued by the DOT from March 2017, telecom operators were directed to re-verify existing users by Aadhaar authentication by February, 2018. The circulars cited stray sentences from a dismissal order in February 2017 of a public interest petition in the Supreme Court titled as Lokniti Foundation v. the Union of India.
For a variety of reasons, this does not amount to a “direction” to the government as claimed in the DOT circular. Firstly, the basis of the order and the references to Aadhaar emerges from a counter-affidavit filed by the Government in the Lokniti Case. Rather than volunteering information on the pre-existing court orders that limit the Aadhaar program to a voluntary service restricted to specific services, the Government instead advocates its use for re-verification. Secondly, the Supreme Court nowhere uses the phrase, “direction” which is a term of art contained in court orders to impart a binding force requiring action. While the lexicology of Aadhaar may now define “voluntarily” to mean as “mandatory”, the lex still recognises a distinction between an “observation” and a “direction”.
No independent force of law
The meaning of the order becomes clear in the penultimate paragraph when the Court states that, “we dispose of the same with the hope and expectation, that the undertaking given by this Court, will be taken seriously, and will be given effect to, as soon as possible.”. Hence, the purported court order requiring re-verification by Aadhaar, on closer examination contains no such direction but expressions of good faith in the measures suggested by the Government. Again, this is done without reference to any of the Aadhaar cases as the government fails to inform the Court on the pre-existing orders which limit the scope and use of Aadhaar.
Viewed independently of this non-existent court direction the DOT circulars contain no legal force or grounding in law. They do not cite or reason any statutory or regulatory support. Instead, they are crouched behind a non-existent direction by the Supreme Court. This becomes apparent as the circular, states, “all licensees shall intimate their existing subscribers through advertisement in print/electronic media as well as SMS about the orders of Hon’ble Supreme Court for re-verification…”. It is peculiar that the linking deadline of February, 2018 is not mentioned in any of these communications. Irrespective of legality or constitutional propriety, an aggressive push continues to instil fear in people that their mobile phone connections will be disconnected due to the Supreme Court. This becomes especially problematic given that the Supreme Court has indicated that the pending litigation on Aadhaar will be finally heard in November.
Undermining the Supreme Court
Unfortunately this is a pattern that has been noticed over the past two years. Specifically since August 2015 from when the Aadhaar cases that have been pending determination not due to judicial arrears but due to the Government disputing the fundamental right to privacy itself. Such time gained has been viewed by many as a legal stratagem, which has been utilised by the Government to link Aadhaar to every facet of our lives. It falls to reason that panic created by a non-existent court direction not only undermines confidence in the executive but also brings undeserved criticism towards the Supreme Court. The threat of disconnecting a mobile phone connection given it’s central role in our lives is not a trifle, it is causing individual coercion and damaging the public credibility of state institutions.
An edited version of this article was published by the Indian Express on September 26, 2017.